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Engineering design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Design

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In this book, the authors describe the findings derived from interaction and cooperation between scientific actors employing diverse practices. They reflect on distinct prototyping concepts and examine the transformation of development culture in their fusion to hybrid approaches and solutions. The products of tomorrow are going to be multifunctional, interactive systems – and already are to some degree today. Collaboration across multiple disciplines is the only way to grasp their complexity in design concepts. This underscores the importance of reconsidering the prototyping process for the development of these systems, particularly in transdisciplinary research teams. “Rethinking Prototyping – new hybrid concepts for prototyping” was a transdisciplinary project that took up this challenge. The aim of this programmatic rethinking was to come up with a general concept of prototyping by combining innovative prototyping concepts, which had been researched and developed in three sub-projects: “Hybrid Prototyping” developed new prototyping approaches to validate and evaluate holistically developed systems with their services, infrastructure and business models. “Blended Prototyping” addressed a new technique whereby prototypes for user interfaces of software applications can be generated from hand drawings and immediately be tested. “Beyond Prototyping” examined the issue of the prototype in connection with algorithmically generated design for producing tailor  made products.

Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Prototypes, Engineering. --- Engineering prototypes --- Engineering design --- Engineering models --- Engineering design. --- Engineering Design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Design

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Engineering design. --- Manufacturing processes --- Computer integrated manufacturing systems. --- CIM systems --- Manufacturing, Computer integrated --- Computer-aided engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Flexible manufacturing systems --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Automation. --- Design

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Problems of fatigue under multiaxial fatigue loads have been addressed in a very large number of research publications. The present publication is primarily a survey of biaxial fatigue under constant amplitude loading on metal specimens. It starts with the physical understanding of the fatigue phenomenon under biaxial fatigue loads. Various types of proportional and non-proportional biaxial fatigue loads and biaxial stress distributions in a material are specified. Attention is paid to the fatigue limit, crack nucleation, initial micro crack growth and subsequent macro-crack in different modes of crack growth. The interference between the upper and lower surfaces of a fatigue crack is discussed. Possibilities for predictions of biaxial fatigue properties are analysed with reference to the similarity concept. The significance of the present understanding for structural design problems is considered. The book is completed with a summary of major observations.

Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Metals --- Fatigue. --- Fatigue of metals --- Metal fatigue --- Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Mechanics. --- Engineering Design. --- Metallic Materials. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Design, Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Materials --- Design --- Metals. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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The book provides suggestions on how to start using bionic optimization methods, including pseudo-code examples of each of the important approaches and outlines of how to improve them. The most efficient methods for accelerating the studies are discussed. These include the selection of size and generations of a study’s parameters, modification of these driving parameters, switching to gradient methods when approaching local maxima, and the use of parallel working hardware. Bionic Optimization means finding the best solution to a problem using methods found in nature. As Evolutionary Strategies and Particle Swarm Optimization seem to be the most important methods for structural optimization, we primarily focus on them. Other methods such as neural nets or ant colonies are more suited to control or process studies, so their basic ideas are outlined in order to motivate readers to start using them. A set of sample applications shows how Bionic Optimization works in practice. From academic studies on simple frames made of rods to earthquake-resistant buildings, readers follow the lessons learned, difficulties encountered and effective strategies for overcoming them. For the problem of tuned mass dampers, which play an important role in dynamic control, changing the goal and restrictions paves the way for Multi-Objective-Optimization. As most structural designers today use commercial software such as  FE-Codes or CAE systems with integrated simulation modules, ways of integrating Bionic Optimization into these software packages are outlined and examples of typical systems and typical optimization approaches are presented. The closing section focuses on an overview and outlook on reliable and robust as well as on Multi-Objective-Optimization, including discussions of current and upcoming research topics in the field concerning a unified theory for handling stochastic design processes.

Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer simulation. --- Computational intelligence. --- Engineering design. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Intelligence, Computational --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Design --- Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology